Orthopaedics

AC separation is a very frequent injury among physically active people. In this injury the clavicle (collar bone) separates from the scapula (shoulder blade). It is commonly caused by a fall directly on the "point" of the shoulder or a direct blow received in a contact sport. READ MORE >

Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more of joints in the body and decreased range of motion. There are more than 100 types and related conditions. Arthritis does not discriminate among gender, age or race. It is the leading cause of disability in America. Arthritis can cause permanent joint changes. These changes may be visible, such as knobby finger joints, but often the damage can only be seen on X-Ray.

Many people experience occasional back and neck pain or stiffness. In many cases, it's due to poor posture or overuse. Sometimes, neck pain is caused by injury from a fall, contact sports or whiplash.

Biceps tendinitis is the inflammation of the tendon that connects your biceps muscle in the upper arm to the glenoid socket in the shoulder. Also called the long head of the biceps tendon, this cord-like structure enables your arm to bend and rotate. READ MORE >

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa, tiny sacs of fluid that help to reduce the friction between moving parts around the shoulder. Bursa serve as a cushion for the moving rotator cuff tendons. The bursa can become painful when inflamed due to an injury, overuse or condition such as rheumatoid or osteo- arthritis.

A condition that causes numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hand, carpal tunnel occurs when the nerve that extends the length of the arm is experiencing pressure at the part of the hand with a passage known as the “carpal tunnel.” The central nerve, the median, controls the movement of the thumb and the finger with the exception of the pinky.

Cartilage is a tough, flexible tissue found throughout the entire body. It acts as a shock absorber covering the surface of joints, allowing bones to slide over one another. It can become damaged as a result of a sudden injury, such as a sports injury or gradual wear and tear.

The clavicle, also known as the collar bone, is the bone that connects the breastplate to the shoulder. It is a very solid bone that has a slight S-shape and generally can be easily seen. A clavicle fracture is one of the most common types of broken bones.

Elbow pain may be caused by fractures, dislocations, sprains, tendonitis, arthritis, bone tumors, bursitis and trapped nerves.

Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes widespread pain, sleep problems, fatigue, and often emotional and mental distress. People with fibromyalgia may be more sensitive to pain than others, referred to as abnormal pain perception processing. Symptoms may include pain and stiffness all over the body, fatigue, depression and or anxiety, problems sleeping, cognitive issues with memory, thinking and focus, and headaches.

Foot pain may be caused by plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, fractures, metatarsalgia, gout, arthritis, bunions, nerve damage, tendonitis, direct injury and hammer toe.

Fractures are synonymous with broken bones.

Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that begins with a gradual onset of pain and a limitation of shoulder motion. The discomfort and loss of movement can become so severe that even simple daily activities become difficult. Although much is known about this condition, there continues to be considerable controversy about its causes and the best ways to treat it. READ MORE >

Hip pain is associated with arthritis, fractures, tears, sprains, tendonitits, bursitis, pinched nerves, cancer, osteoporosis and hernias.

Shoulder impingement syndrome occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff and the subacromial bursa are pinched in the narrow space beneath the acromion. This causes the tendons and bursa to become inflamed and swollen. This pinching is worse when the arm is raised away from the side of the body. Impingement may develop over time as a result of a minor injury, or as a result of repetitive motions that lead to inflammation in the bursa. READ MORE >

The most common causes of knee pain are associated with acute injuries, arthritis, gout, over-use, tendonitis, dislocation, bursitis and tears.

Labral tear is a tear of the labrum, a disk of cartilage on the glenoid, or "socket" side of the shoulder joint. The labrum helps stabilize the joint and acts as a "bumper" to limit excessive motion of the humerus, the "ball" side of the shoulder joint. READ MORE >

Nerves in the body send messages to the brain, including pain, to signal danger to the body. With nerve pain condition, that messaging system is misfunctioning and there's no obvious cause for the discomfort. Nerve pain is not curable, but it is highly treatable.

A disease of the bones, osteoporosis occurs when the quality of bone changes, or bone mineral density and bone mass decreases. This results in compromised bone strength and increases the likelihood of broken bones. Typically, there are no symptoms, and the disease may not be discovered until a bone is broken. It is the primary cause of fractures in postmenopausal women and in older men. Fractures can occur in any bone but are most frequent the hip, vertebrae and wrist.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s defense system mistakenly attacks healthy cells causing pain, swelling and inflammation in two or more joints. It can also affect the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood, or nerves. It is the most common type of arthritis and is set apart from other types by manifesting symmetrically in the body.

Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. It most often occurs in youth during the last growth spurt before the onset of puberty. It may resolve on its own, but otherwise may be treated with a brace or in certain cases, surgery.

Shoulder fractures are broken bones involving at least one of three bones: the shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle) or upper arm bone (humerus). All three types of fractures can cause shoulder pain, swelling, tenderness, and limit the shoulder’s range of motion.

Shoulder instability starts when an injury causes a shoulder to develop multiple dislocations. Looseness in the joint develops causing the joint to become unstable. It is most common in young athletes. After the first dislocation, chances of future dislocations are likely.

Shoulder pain is often caused by fractures, dislocation, impingment, arthritis, sprains, tendinitis, tears, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff injury and over-use.

Tendons, ligaments and muscles are the most commonly damaged soft tissues. The causes are often strenuous sports and exercise but also include normal daily activities. Sprains, and strains, tendinitis and bursitis, are common soft-tissue injuries.

Sports injuries are bodily damages that occur when engaging in sports or exercise. Sports injuries can occur due to trauma, overtraining, lack of conditioning, and improper form or technique. Failing to warm up increases the risk of sports injuries.

Often confused, sprains and strains are similar but not identical. A joint sprain is the overstretching or tearing of ligaments. Ligaments are the thick, tough bands of tissue that connect two bones together in a joint. The most common location for a sprain is the ankle joint. A joint strain is the overstretching or tearing of muscles or tendons. Tendons are the dense fibrous cords of tissue that connect bones to muscles. The most common locations for a muscle strain are the hamstring muscle and the lower back.

The meniscus are c-shaped pieces of cartilage in the knee. A torn meniscus is one of the most common knee injuries, and is usually the result of forceful twisting or sudden stops common in sports; however, age and obesity can also be factors.